I used to be a vet tech, surgery assistant in fact, and have seen perforated intestines from COOKED bones, and obstructions from rawhide. On another board I belong to, one member, even after a lot of warnings, decided rawhide was safe as long as she supervised the dog, and took it away when it got small. The dog came very close to choking to death, she got a piece of rawhide stuck in her throat. Luckily the owner was able to grasp a corner and draw it out. She posted about her close call, as a warning to those who still were using it.
You also have to be aware that some rawhide, (mostly the cheap ones not manufactured in the US) can be processed with toxic chemicals, or harbor salmonella. It's just not worth all the risks.
Nylabones are great and long lasting (the non-edible kind) Kongs work well for some dogs (there's an Ultra size strong one for big dogs)
I have given my dogs RAW whole beef femurs (cow leg bones from the hip to hock) from the butcher, for 20 years or more, and NEVER had an issue. Never saw a problem at work either. Raw beef bones just kind of crumble. I freeze them solid and give them frozen, by the time they thaw the dog has worked off all the messy stuff. Some dogs need to be introduced to bones slowly, the marrow is very rich and can give them diarrhea. You can either scoop some out before freezing (that would be on a bone with the ends "knuckles" cut off) or limit the time at first, putting it back in the freezer in between.