Could you take the pup out more often? My last two pups, at 12 weeks, were pottying every hour. The last pup was 6 months old before he could make it 3 to 4 hours.
My experience with a dog pooping outside and then having to poop again right away was either a dog with worms, a recent change in food, or a dog that needed to be walked more often.
Dogs that potty in crates are often from puppy mills that force the pups to soil their bed areas so those start of about impossible to crate train. Is it possible that your pup came to you through such a place? When I think that is happening, potty training starts with a portable pen with crate access instead of just the crate.
Keeping the pup out of the main part of the house so it doesn't get soiled will help lots with housebreaking. Dog gates can help there.
Dobermans are high energy dogs. The only one I worked with had to run at least five miles before training started or the dog had no focus. Maybe more exercise will help your pup. Best of luck.